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October 10, 2019 ,
Overview
Asthma is a disease of the lungs. The airways of people who have asthma are extra sensitive to the things they"re allergic to (called allergens) and to other irritating things in the air (called irritants).
Asthma symptoms start when allergens or other irritants cause the lining of the airways to become inflamed (swollen) and narrow. The muscles around the airways can then spasm (contract rapidly), causing the airways to narrow even more. When the lining of the airways is inflamed, it produces more mucus. The mucus clogs the airways and further blocks the flow of air. This is called an "asthma attack."

Symptoms

What is an asthma attack?

An asthma attack occurs when excess mucus causes your air tubes to swell and tighten. Asthma attacks can be mild, moderate or severe. Symptoms of an asthma attack include the following:

  • Coughing
  • Feeling breathless
  • Tightness in the chest
  • Wheezing (breathing that makes a hoarse, squeaky, musical or whistling sound)
  • Cough with mucus
  • Wheezing or whistling sound when breathing
  • Difficulty breathing and talking
  • Trouble sleeping

Signs of an emergency

Call your doctor or seek emergency care right away if you experience any of the following symptoms:
  • Your rescue medicine doesn"t relieve your symptoms.
  • Your peak flow keeps dropping after treatment or falls below 50% of your best.
  • Your fingernails or lips turn gray or blue.
  • You have trouble walking or talking.
  • You have extreme difficulty breathing.
  • Your neck, chest or ribs are pulled in with each breath.
  • Your nostrils flare when you breathe.
  • Your heartbeat or pulse is very fast

How can I tell if an asthma attack is serious?

You should use (or have your child use) a peak flow meter every day. A peak flow meter measures how much air flows out of your lungs. People who have asthma have lower air flow in and out of their lungs than other people. Measuring peak flow levels can help you see problems with your air flow before you have any symptoms of asthma.
A meter can also help tell you and your doctor how serious your asthma attacks are. You"ll be able to see when you should take medicine or when you need emergency care. Peak flow readings may also help you find the triggers that make your asthma symptoms worse.

How can I tell if my asthma is getting worse?

Signs that your asthma is getting worse include having symptoms at night, a drop in your peak flow and the need to use your rescue medicine more often. Talk to your doctor if you think that your asthma is getting worse.

Causes & Risk Factors

What causes asthma symptoms?

Your asthma can flare up for many different reasons. Allergies can make your asthma symptoms get worse. Viral infections (such as a cold), tobacco, pollutants (such as wood smoke), cold air, exercise, fumes from chemicals or perfume, sinus infections and heartburn can all cause a flare-up. For some people, strong emotions or stress can trigger an asthma attack. Pay attention to the way these things affect your asthma. If you and your doctor figure out which things bother your asthma, you can start trying to address them.

Diagnosis & Tests

What is a peak flow meter?

A peak flow meter is a hand-held device that measures your peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), or how fast you can blow air out of your lungs. Measuring your peak flow regularly can help you tell whether your asthma is getting worse.
To use a peak flow meter, you will first need to find out your "personal best" peak flow. Take a deep breath and blow as hard as you can into the mouthpiece. Your personal best is the highest reading you get on the meter over a 2-week period when your asthma is under good control.

How do I use a peak flow meter?

To use a peak flow meter, follow these steps:
  1. Move the indicator to the bottom of the numbered scale.
  2. Stand up.
  3. Take a deep breath.
  4. Close your lips (or have your child close his or her lips) around the mouthpiece of the flow meter. Your tongue should not go inside the tube.
  5. Blow out as hard and fast as possible.
The indicator on the meter will move up. Write down the number where it stops. Repeat steps 1 through 5 two more times. Write down the highest of the three numbers on the peak flow meter record chart.

What is the peak flow zone system?

Once you know your (or your child"s) personal best peak flow score, your doctor can tell you how to do the next step. Peak flow scores are put in "zones" like the colors in traffic lights.
  • Green Zone: This is a score that is 80% to 100% of the personal best score. It signals that your/your child’s asthma is under control. No symptoms are present, but you/your child should take preventive asthma medicines as usual.
  • Yellow Zone: This is a score that is 50% to 80% of the personal best score. It signals that your/your child"s asthma is getting worse. You may be coughing or wheezing frequently. You may need extra asthma medicine. Follow your doctor"s written instructions or call your doctor for advice.
  • Red Zone: This is a score that is below 50% of the personal best score. It signals a medical emergency. You/your child may have severe coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath, and your lips and fingernails may be turning a grayish or bluish color. Use an inhaler or other medicine to open your airways right away. Call your doctor immediately for more advice.

Treatment

How do I control my asthma symptoms?

Treatment of your symptoms involves avoiding things that cause asthma attacks, keeping track of your symptoms and taking medicine.

What medicines are used to treat asthma?

Asthma medicines can generally be divided into two groups: medicines to prevent attacks (controller medicines) and medicines to treat attacks (sometimes called rescue medicines). Your doctor will talk to you about these medicines and what to do if you have an asthma attack. Ask your doctor for written instructions about how to take your medicines. Your doctor may have a form to give you, or you can print out this one.

Controller and Quick-Relief Medicines

The following are some of the prescription medicines most commonly used by people who have asthma:

Controller Medicines

  • Inhaled corticosteroids
  • Cromolyn
  • Nedocromil
  • Anti-leukotrienes
  • Theophylline
  • Salmeterol (inhaled long-acting beta2 agonist)

Quick-Relief Medicines

  • Albuterol, pirbuterol, levalbuterol or bitolterol (inhaled short-acting beta2 agonist)
  • Ipratropium (anticholinergic)
  • Prednisone, prednisolone (oral steroids)

How do controller medicines work?

Controller medicines help reduce the swelling in your airways to prevent asthma attacks. Controller medicines must be taken on a regular basis--whether or not you"re having symptoms. They take hours or days to start to help and don"t work well unless you take them regularly.

How do rescue medicines work?

Rescue medicines (also called quick-acting or quick-relief medicines) provide quick relief during an asthma attack by helping the muscles around your airways relax, which allows your airways to open. If you feel like you’re having an asthma attack, follow your doctor’s instructions for taking this medicine right away.

Primatene Mist Inhaler was discontinued

Primatene Mist Inhaler, an over-the-counter asthma inhaler, is longer available after December 31, 2011. If you currently use Primatene Mist Inhaler, it"s safe to continue using it as long as it hasn"t expired. Talk to your doctor about switching to a different medicine to treat your asthma. For more information, visit the U.S. Food and Drug Administration website.

Warning signs of an asthma attack

  • Peak flow 50% to 80% of your personal best
  • Coughing or wheezing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Tightness in chest
If your symptoms don’t respond to medicine or if your peak flow drops below 50% of your personal best, call your doctor or go directly to the nearest emergency room (by ambulance, if necessary).

Prevention

Is there anything I can do to help avoid asthma attacks?

You can help avoid asthma attacks by avoiding the triggers (also called allergens) and irritants that can start an asthma attack. Triggers and irritants vary for each individual, but the following are some examples of common triggers and irritants:
  • Air pollution
  • Dust
  • Mold
  • Pollen
  • Tobacco smoke
  • Pet dander
  • Exercise
  • Changes in temperature
  • Certain foods
  • Sulfite (food preservative in red wine, beer, salad bars, dehydrated soups, and other foods)
  • Aspirin, or ibuprofen (brand names: Advil, Motrin, Nuprin)
  • Heartburn
  • Sinus infections
  • Strong emotions (such as crying or laughing)
  • Perfume
  • Spray-on deodorants
  • Viruses

How do I avoid common asthma triggers?

If pollen and mold cause your symptoms, use your air conditioner and try to keep the windows of your home and car closed. Change the filter on your heating and cooling system frequently.
To keep mold down, clean and air out bathrooms, kitchens and basements often. Use an air conditioner or dehumidifier to keep the level of humidity less than 50%.
People who are allergic to dust are actually allergic to the droppings of dust mites. To reduce dust mites in your home, wash bed sheets weekly in hot water (above 130°F). Cover mattresses and pillows in airtight covers, and remove carpets and drapes. If you must have carpet, you can treat it with chemicals to help reduce dust mites. Try to avoid stuffed animals, dried flowers and other things that trap dust.
Pets can cause problems if you are allergic to them. If you have a pet, keep it out of your bedroom.
Don"t allow smoking in your house or car. Tobacco smoke can make asthma worse
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October 08, 2019 ,
Overview
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a rare heart condition in which there is an extra electrical pathway present in the heart. This can cause a change in the rhythm of your heartbeat, called an arrhythmia. People who have WPW syndrome may experience a very fast heartbeat (called tachycardia) for periods of time.


Symptoms

What are the symptoms of WPW syndrome?

Symptoms of WPW syndrome can include:

  • Palpitations or rapid thumping in your chest
  • Feeling tired or light-headed
  • Loss of consciousness (passing out)
  • Shortness of breath

People who have WPW syndrome are born with the extra electrical pathway, but most don’t notice symptoms until they are in their teens or early twenties. Some people who have WPW syndrome never experience any symptoms.

Causes & Risk Factors

What causes WPW syndrome?

The heart has 4 compartments, or chambers. The upper chambers are called the atria, and the lower chambers are called the ventricles. The walls of the heart squeeze together (contract) to push blood through the chambers. The contractions are controlled by an electrical signal that begins in the heart"s natural "pacemaker" (called the sinoatrial node).

In individuals who have WPW syndrome, an extra electrical pathway can cause the electrical signal to arrive at the ventricles too soon. This can lead to periods of very fast heart rate, which is called tachycardia.

Diagnosis & Tests

How do I know if I have WPW syndrome?

If you sometimes have an irregular or very fast heart beat, your doctor will ask if you have any of the symptoms of WPW syndrome. Your doctor may also do some tests. One of these tests is an electrocardiogram, also called ECG or EKG. During this test, your doctor will have you lie down so your heart can be monitored.

Your doctor may also ask you to walk on a treadmill while he or she monitors your heart, or may want to monitor your heart while you do your daily activities. One way to do this is to wear a machine, called a Holter monitor, that continuously records your heart"s rhythms for 24 hours. If your doctor wants to monitor your heart for more than 24 hours, he or she might recommend an event-recorder, a machine that records samples of your heart"s rhythms and can be worn for a couple of days or longer. Other tests, called electrophysiologic studies, may also give your doctor information about your heart.

Treatment

How is it treated?

There are several treatment options available for WPW syndrome. You doctor may talk to you about vagal maneuvers. These are actions you can do to help slow your heart rate. These actions can include coughing or pushing down like you are having a bowel movement. If vagal maneuvers don’t help slow your heart rate, your doctor may prescribe an anti-arrhythmic medicine. For some people, surgery may also be an option

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October 06, 2019 ,


Overview
You have an allergy when your body overreacts to things thatdon"t cause problems for most people. These things are called allergens. Yourbody"s overreaction to the allergens is what causes symptoms.

Whatis hay fever?

Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis (say:“rine-EYE-tis”), is an allergic reaction to pollen. Symptoms of hay fever areseasonal, meaning you will feel worse when the pollens that affect you are attheir highest levels. Hay fever is the most common form of allergy. It affects1 in 5 people.

Symptoms

What are common allergy symptoms?

Symptoms vary depending on the severity of your allergies. Symptoms can include:

  • Sneezing
  • Coughing
  • Itching (mostly eyes, nose, mouth, throat and skin)
  • Runny nose
  • Stuffy nose
  • Headache
  • Pressure in the nose and cheeks
  • Ear fullness and popping
  • Sore throat
  • Watery, red or swollen eyes
  • Dark circles under your eyes
  • Trouble smelling
  • Hives

How does hay fever differ from a cold or the flu?

Hay fever lasts longer than a cold or the flu—up to several weeks—and does not cause fever. The nasal discharge from hay fever is thin, watery and clear, while nasal discharge from a cold or the flu tends to be thicker. Itching (mostly eyes, nose, mouth, throat and skin) is common with hay fever but not with a cold or the flu. Sneezing is more prominent with hay fever and can occur in rather violent bouts.

When should I see a doctor?

If your symptoms interfere with your life, consider seeing your family doctor. Your doctor will probably do a physical exam and ask you questions about your symptoms. Keeping a record of your symptoms over a period of time can help your doctor determine what triggers your allergies.

Causes & Risk Factors

What causes allergies?

You have an allergy when your body overreacts to things that don"t cause problems for most people. These things are called allergens. If you have allergies, when you are exposed to an allergen, your body releases chemicals. One type of chemical that your body releases is called histamine. Histamine is your body’s defense against the allergen. The release of histamine causes your symptoms.

What are the most common allergens?

Pollen from trees, grass and weeds. Allergies that occur in the spring (late April and May) are often due to tree pollen. Allergies that occur in the summer (late May to mid-July) are often due to grass and weed pollen. Allergies that occur in the fall (late August to the first frost) are often due to ragweed. If you are allergic to pollen, you will notice your symptoms are worse on hot, dry days when wind carries the pollen. On rainy days, pollen often is washed to the ground, which means you are less likely to breathe it.

Mold. Mold is common where water tends to collect, such as shower curtains, window moldings and damp basements. It can also be found in rotting logs, hay, mulches, commercial peat moss, compost piles and leaf litter. This allergy is usually worse during humid and rainy weather.

Animal dander. Proteins found in the skin, saliva, and urine of furry pets such as cats and dogs are allergens. You can be exposed to dander when handling an animal or from house dust that contains dander.

Dust. Many allergens, including dust mites, are in dust. Dust mites are tiny living creatures found in bedding, mattresses, carpeting and upholstered furniture. They live on dead skin cells and other things found in house dust.

Diagnosis & Tests

How do I know what I’m allergic to?

Your doctor will do a physical exam and will ask you about your symptoms and when they occur. Your doctor may also want to do an allergy skin test to help determine exactly what is causing your allergy. An allergy skin test puts tiny amounts of allergens onto your skin to see which ones you react to. Once you know which allergens you are allergic to, you and your doctor can decide the best treatment. Your doctor may also decide to do a blood test, such as the radioallergosorbent test (called RAST).

Treatment

How are allergies treated?

Several medicines can be used to treat allergies. Your doctor will help you determine what medicine is best for you depending on your symptoms, age and overall health. These medicines are more useful if you use them before you"re exposed to allergens.

Antihistamines help reduce the sneezing, runny nose and itchiness of allergies. They"re more useful if you use them before you"re exposed to allergens. Some antihistamines come in pill form (some brand names: Zyrtec, Claritin) and some are nasal sprays (brand names: Astelin and Patanase). Some antihistamines can cause drowsiness and dry mouth. Others are less likely to cause these side effects, but some of these require a prescription. Ask your doctor which kind is best for you.

Decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine, help temporarily relieve the stuffy nose of allergies. Decongestants are found in many medicines and come as pills, nose sprays and nose drops (some brand names: Sudafed, Afrin, Sinex). They are best used only for a short time.

Nose sprays and drops shouldn"t be used for more than 3 days because you can become dependent on them. This causes you to feel even more stopped-up when you try to quit using them.

You can buy decongestants without a doctor"s prescription. However, decongestants can raise your blood pressure, so it"s a good idea to talk to your family doctor before using them, especially if you have high blood pressure.

Cromolyn sodium is a nasal spray (one brand name: NasalCrom) that helps prevent the body"s reaction to allergens. Cromolyn sodium is more helpful if you use it before you"re exposed to allergens. This medicine may take 2 to 4 weeks to start working. It is available without a prescription.

Nasal steroid sprays reduce the reaction of the nasal tissues to inhaled allergens. This helps relieve the swelling in your nose so that you feel less stopped-up. They are the most effective at treating patients who have chronic symptoms. Nasal steroid sprays are available with a prescription from your doctor. You won"t notice their benefits for up to 2 weeks after starting them.

Eye drops. If your other medicines are not helping enough with your itchy, watery eyes, your doctor may prescribe eye drops for you.

Allergy shots or sublingual tablets (also called immunotherapy) are an option for people who try other treatments but still have allergy symptoms. These shots or dissolvable tablets contain a very small amount of the allergen you are allergic to. They"re given on a regular schedule so that your body gets used to the allergens and no longer overreacts to them. This helps decrease your body’s sensitivity to the allergen. Over time, your allergy symptoms will become less severe.

Allergy shots or sublingual tablets are only used when the allergens you"re sensitive to can be identified and when you can"t avoid them. It takes a few months to years to finish treatment, and you may need to have treatments throughout your life.

Prevention

Howcan I avoid allergens?

Pollens.Shower or bathe before bedtime to wash off pollen and other allergens in yourhair and on your skin. Avoid going outside, especially on dry, windy days. Keepwindows and doors shut, and use an air conditioner at home and in your car.

Mold.You can reduce the amount of mold in your home by removing houseplants and byfrequently cleaning shower curtains, bathroom windows, damp walls, areas withdry rot and indoor trash cans. Use a mix of water and chlorine bleach to killmold. Open doors and windows and use fans to increase air movement and helpprevent mold.

Don"t carpet bathrooms or other damp rooms and use mold-proofpaint instead of wallpaper. Reducing the humidity in your home to 50% or lesscan also help. You can control your home air quality by using a dehumidifier,keeping the temperature set at 70 degrees, and cleaning or replacingsmall-particle filters in your central air system.

Petdander. If your allergies are severe, you may need to give yourpets away or at least keep them outside. Cat or dog dander often collects inhouse dust and takes 4 weeks or more to die down.

However, there are ways to reduce the amounts of pet danderin your home. Using allergen-resistant bedding, bathing your pet frequently,and using an air filter can help reduce pet dander. Ask your veterinarian forother ways to reduce pet dander in your home.

Dustand dust mites. To reduce dust mites in your home,remove drapes, feather pillows, upholstered furniture, non-washable comfortersand soft toys. Replace carpets with linoleum or wood. Polished floors are best.Mop the floor often with a damp mop and wipe surfaces with a damp cloth. Vacuumregularly with a machine that has a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)filter. Vacuum soft furniture and curtains as well as floors. Install an aircleaner with a high-efficiency particulate or electrostatic filter. Washcarpets and upholstery with special cleaners, such as benzyl benzoate or tannicacid spray. Wash all bedding in hot water (hotter than 130°F) every 7 to 10days. Don"t use mattress pads. Cover mattress and pillows with plastic covers.Lower the humidity in your home using a dehumidifier.

Things that can make your allergy symptoms worse

  • Aerosol sprays
  • Air pollution
  • Cold temperatures
  • Humidity
  • Irritating fumes
  • Tobacco smoke
  • Wind
  • Wood smoke
  • ....................................................................
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October 01, 2019 ,

What is the Benefits of Weight Loss for Men? 

What are the Benefits of Weight Loss for Men?

When you hear men overweight, the image of 'bear bell' comes to your mind. Yes, men have problems with stomach obesity and there may be many reasons behind this. Increasing weight in men can be due to lack of exercise, stress, hormonal problems, and defective diet. With life at high speed, men first die for stress and pressure, which does not leave them to work. Obesity in the stomach is the most dangerous form of obesity because it invites a collection of diseases that can be silent killers. Heart diseases, diabetes and liver or kidney diseases can be common killers, especially if a person smokes cigarettes and drinks alcohol.

Men usually give in to vain such as smoking and drinking because it 'feels' to reduce stress and cope with daily pressures of life. Most men pay no attention to their health and fitness unless a sign of health problem emerges. Men are also more active, who are the last to seek medical help in contrast to women. Men can eat heavier issues by regularly following regular men's exercise, regular diet and healthy lifestyle.


It is important for men to lose weight for healthy and disease-free living. Being overweight is not only indispensable but also an open invitation for various life-threatening diseases. The following problems can hinder the quality of someone's quality or even reduce the life of someone.

  • High blood pressure or high blood pressure and cholesterol problems: Men with overweight are often considered to suffer from high blood pressure and cholesterol problems. If these problems are not controlled and treated at the beginning, serious heart diseases lead to it.
  • Heart Diseases: Men with overweight are more likely to have heartbeat and heart attack which makes it the first cause of death. An unhealthy lifestyle associated with stress makes a person suffer from sudden and early heart attack
  • Cancer, especially prostate and colon cancer in men
  • Diabetes type 2
  • Problems of the liver such as extension of limb or fatty liver
  • Heartburn or Acid Reflux Disease
  • Arthritis: Men with high weight typically have muscles and joint problems in the knees, because it has maximum inclination to be overweight. Osteoarthritis can lead to joint hazardous men
  • Sleep apnea that gives rise to snoring and can be dangerous because it can cut the supply of oxygen during sleep.
  • Throat bladder disease or gallstones
  • Concentration and learning problems in men
  • Psychological problems like negative self-image or extreme self-consciousness


If you are overweight then the chances of developing many health conditions greatly increase. But if you are planning to lose weight, then losing some kilos will greatly benefit you, then keep them in your mind to inspire these benefits. Start slow and short but you will benefit a lot.

Healthy Heart 

Having more weight can put your heart under great pressure because it has to be hard work and it has to pump more blood so that it suffers from various problems. When you lose weight not only do you make your heart a side but also help to reduce high blood pressure, which is a starting point in various cardiovascular diseases.

Increasing levels of Good Cholesterol

Closing some extra kilograms and maintaining regular diet will help promote good cholesterol or HDL. Promoting good cholesterol means to eliminate bad one-LDL, which means that you reduce the chances of heart-related problems.

Reducing the risk of Diabetes

Losing a little weight will help control the blood glucose levels in your body and reduce any risk of developing diabetes.

Reduce the risk of Cancer

Losing weight will also help you reduce the risk of developing cancer. Men overweight have prostate cancer, while overweight women suffer from ovarian and cervical cancer.

Reduce the risk of Osteoporosis

Think about the pressure placed on the bones and overweight body joints. When you reduce some weight, you help ease the pressure and you are less likely to get along with osteoarthritis.

A Quality Life

By reducing excess weight, you will be able to survive for long and get better quality of life. Excess fat is an invitation for various diseases and instability factors during old age. Elderly and overweight people have problems in mobility.

Better Sexual Life

Losing weight will help to spice up your sex life. Losing few kilograms will lead to normal recurrence and maintenance of it in men, while women are more likely to be interested in sex because of better body image.

Better Reproductive Health

Men and women overweight have to face fertility issues. Weight loss is the answer to all these problems, in the family way, women need to keep the ideal weight for a safe and complexity-free pregnancy.

Modify your Energy Level

Losing weight will help you to control more in feeling active. People who are overweight due to excess weight look more dull, who can move around tiresome.

Promoting your own image

People who are overweight suffer from low self-worth and self-consciousness. Losing few kilograms will help in promoting self-image and working as a motivational point for reaching the ideal weight
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MKRdezign

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